Great facts about Olympics and Olympic records

1. Ancient Olympics were played at Olympia city. The winners in those games were awarded crowns made of olive leaves. King Theodosius I had banned the games in 393 AD.
2. Even in ancient times, the games were held every four years during August and September and the word "Olympiad", which referred to the four year intervals between competitions, was commonly used to measure time.
3. The first documented Olympic champion was a man named Coroebus, a cook from Elis who won the sprint race in 776 BC.
4. It was only in 472 BC that the events were spread out over a period of four to five days, previously they had all taken place on a single day.
5. The first Modern Olympics were held in 1896 by the efforts of Baron Pierre De Coubertin. Athens was the venue to host first modern Olympics. King of Greece had inaugurated the games in 1896. At first coubertin enlisted 13 nations to send atheletes to participate in the events . Now about 200 nations send athletes 4 about 28 events.
6. The Olympic flag, with five colored interlocking rings against a white background was conceived by Coubertin indicating the union of 5 continents. After his death, De Coubertin’s heart was buried in a monument near the ruins of the ancient city of Olympia.
7. The first three Olympics were loosely organized. It was the 1908 London Olympics that had relevant authorities organizing the games in separate discipline. The games were held in a newly built stadium with audience capacity of 66,000.
8. Politics began to intrude on the Games in a serious way at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, where Palestinian terrorists attacked Israeli athletes in the Olympic Village.
9. Sixty nations boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, while the Soviets and some of their allies retaliated by declining to take part in the 1984 Games in Los Angeles.
10. The IOC, headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, sets and enforces Olympic policy. The site of the games is chosen, usually at least six years in advance.
11. The winter Olympics were introduced in the year 1924. Chamonix, France was the host city.
12. Hockey was played for the first time on artificial turf in 1976 Montreal games.
13. Marjorie Gesting is the youngest player to win gold .at the age of 13 in 1936 olympics he won it in spring board diving event.
14. In 1932 international Olympic committee initiated custom of lodging all participants in an Olympic village.
15. A Greek named Spyros Samaras composed the Olympics anthem.
16. In 1986 Olympics Americans won the 9 out of the 12 track and field events.
17. September 5 1972 is termed as black day in history of Olympics. On this day 8 Arab terrorists broke into the Israeli camp and opened fire, killing 2 athletes on the spot. Later in the rescue operation all the athletes were killed.
18. Michael Breal, a French student of Greek mythology suggested the marathon for the modern Olympics.
19. The new motto for the Olympics – citius ,altius ,fortius meaning faster ,higher ,stronger was coined in 1924 by father Henry Didon.
20. First Olympics in southern hemisphere was held at Melbourne in 1956.
21. Swimming, running, cross country riding, fencing ,and revolver shooting make up the pentathlon.
22. The Olympic flame is lit up by the sun’s rays at the altar of Hera the wife of Zeus in the temple of Zeus in Olympia in Greece.
23. High board and spring boards are the two diving events at Olympics.
24. In 1908, the venue of the Olympics from Rome was changed to London because of eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
25. In 1964 tokyo Olympics Rhodesia started the Olympics with a different flag and ended with that of new one of Zambia.
26. At the Helsinki Olympics in 1952, K.D.  Jadhav won a bronze for wrestling, which was first medal for India.
27. In 1996, Leander pace won a bronze in tennis.
28. Karnam Malleshwari had won a bronze for weight lifting at Sydney games in 2000.
29. Rajya Vardhan Rathore won a silver medal 4 double trap shooting event at 2004 Athens games.
30. In the history of Olympics Laryssa latinina has won 18 medals in Olympics.
31. Emil Zatopek has won 5000mt, 10000mt, &marathon in the same Olympics.
32. Jessy Owens and Carl Lewis have won the golds’ in same events – 100mt & 200mt.
33. India has won 11 hockey medals ,8 Gold ,1 silver and 2 bronze .
34. India won her first Olympics gold at 1928 Amsterdam Olympics (hockey)
35. Miki Oda was the first Asian to win an Olympic gold.
36. Ethopia won the marathon consecutively in 1960, 64 &68.
37. In 1976 Montreal Olympics Nelli Kim of Soviet ,scored a perfect 10 in gymnastics, and won a Gold for himself.
38. Marion Jones became the first women to win 100mt, 200mt, 400mt relay, 100mt relay and 400mt.
39. In 1960 Rome Olympics, Milkha Singh of India broke the 400mt world record. He lost the Bronze medal at the 100th part of a second to Michael Spence.
40. Tokyo was the first Asian city to host Olympics in 1964.
41. A traditional marathon is 42kms and 385 yards. The reason for this length lies here. The marathon at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London was set to measure about 25 miles (40 km) and to start on ‘The Long Walk’ – a magnificent avenue leading up to Windsor Castle in the grounds of Windsor Great Park. The Princess of Wales wanted her children to watch the start of the race, so the start of the race was moved to the east lawn of Windsor Castle, increasing its length to 26 miles (42 km). The race was to finish at the Great White City Stadium in Shepherd's Bush in London; however, Queen Alexandra insisted on having the best view of the finish; so, in the words of the official Olympic report, "385 yards were run on the cinder track to the finish, below the Royal Box”. The length then became 42.195 km (26 miles 385 yards or 26 7⁄32 miles).
42. Francisco Lazaro from Portugal in marathon and Knut Jensen, Danish Cyclist are two athletes to die during the games.
43. Spanish Queen Sofia represented Greece in sailing in 1960 Summer Games.
44. Joe Frazer, nicknamed as Smokin Joe, won the Gold in 1964 heavy weight category.
45. Tennis was reintroduced into Olympics in 1988 Seoul edition after 64 years.

Evolution of Basic thinking process in Humans

Look at your life. You get up in the morning. The awakening is possibly assisted by a musical on your smart phone or other digital gadget. Or a typical alarm clock does the work for you. You have a coffee maker to dispense a mug full to add some stamina to your body. The steam geyser ensures hot water for your bath you and iron makes sure you look a perfect man in the navy blue suit.

The automated security system ensures your home safety as you leave in your car, inhaling the freshness of the morning mist. Probably imagining how difficult would life be without these comforts. This thought provokes to another thought and the chain reaction continues till you reach the age of an undeveloped human race.

Welcome to the pre-stone age. This time travel takes you to about 500,000 years back.

Amidst the dense thick African forests, lies the curious animal in the most care free slumber. As he awakes, finds something that hinders his ability to open his eyes. Wait before you jump to a conclusion. He has not defined the sun and the sunlight. He has not been introduced to even light. This is probably the first signal that his primitive brain has recorded. The sense of vision awakens. He looks at the world around him not understanding who he is; neither knowing what is he going to do next. He tries to observe curiously his body parts; strange organs. He tries to crawl and move. He feels himself using what he would later call his hands. It will probably take a long time, may be years to understand that he can walk erect. Till that time, he was going to crawl on four legs. As he tries to accustom to his new environment, he feels some part of body below the top choked. He tries to understand what is wrong. Yes he is thirsty, but does not know what to do. Probably his thirst is increasing only his helplessness. His observation leads to a place where a fluid in ample quantity with few other creatures in it. Now, fear creeps in. He sheepishly goes to the fluid, afraid to even touch it. He puts his finger hesitantly to check whether this could harm him. The fluid is cold, and would be defined in time to come as water. But right now the animal curiously looks at it for hours as how could he use the fluid to his benefit. Remember that the animal has not defined himself as Homo Sapiens, or called himself a man. He is yet to develop that kind of thinking. For the moment, the fluid is his center of interest. He observes other animals using it via a wide opening on the frontal part of top of their bodies. He feels that this could be used to clear his throat. He drinks it.  Feels it quenching his thirst. Above all, his fear that the fluid could harm him is gone. Now he enters the waters. Suddenly his legs get trapped in rocks. Alas! He is in pains. His throat releases his expression of voice, “Aaaah!” This could be the first words that the animal might have spoken. Again the brain takes a note of it. This is recorded as the expression when the animal is in pain. Whenever such painful experience is repeated, brain automatically sends signal to the voice box.

He comes out of the water to find a strange feeling inside his body. The feeling which would in future lead to all the evolution of human race. The one feeling that will lead to discovery of farming, human settlement and even vices like murder, dacoity, wars, loot and exploitation....... the feeling of hunger!!!

For the time being, let’s go back to our animal. He observes into his new environment, how to find a solution to the undefined strange feeling inside his body. He lies down. He sleeps on his stomach. He uses his hands to fill himself with sand, but realizes that this may not help in long run. The point am driving towards is the realization process. The numerous experiments that the earliest human being conducted over decades, centuries, ages to be even civilised and lead a settled life from a nomad.

Our man looks in his surroundings, finding ways to extinguish the fire in his belly. He finds the colourful parts of the foliage interesting. With efforts, he gets them and bites them using his teeth. The weird taste does give displeasure. He spits it out completely. Tries another part, again to his dismay, that weird taste returns. It takes our man quite a few times to realize that the part he is eating is not good and will remain to taste weird. He throws away the parts and moves forward to find something more interesting. He calls that part of foliage as fruit, defines plant, trees, shrubs and herbs. It will take him quite some years and lots of trial and error to understand which fruit to eat and what not to. He continued his experiments with flowers, only to find it bitter in his dismay. Yes he started understanding what tastes pleasant (read sweet, sour) and what tastes rubbish (Bitter, chilly). This was one of the first senses, the sense of taste that man started developing. This was probably the first of the instructions to the brains, this is sweet, that is sour, and the other one is bitter. This can be eaten, the other can’t be. In case any poisonous fruit or vegetative part was eaten, would have resulted in poisoning, or even death. It took millions of such experiences for man to evolve and understand what is usable and what not.

He accidentally puts the fruits & flowers into his nose. This is when he finds pleasant inhaling experiences. The sense of smell awakens. The primitive brain records the first smell as pleasant. This would continue as man encounters various elements that smell pleasant as well as awful. The brain starts sending signals as the pleasant smelling ones are good and the awful ones are to be avoided.

This helps our new man as he smells the food first. He starts taking judgement about what to eat. The cognitive thinking begins!!! I can define this moment as a giant step for mankind, much before Neil Armstrong stepped on the moon.

Historians reckon that vegetation was food for man for about a million years before he turned a hunter and a nomad. Then he transformed into a warrior, a farmer, and settled later.

Coming back to the man, after he fills his stomach, he needs rest. He knows only one place where he can sleep, the place where he woke up to discover himself. The place is under direct sunlight. Our man is yet to discover caves. He does not even have the thinking ability that the shade under the tree can be a good place to protect himself from the harsh heat of the sun. This thought process will come from the experience when he accidentally runs under the shade of a tree and finds it cooler.

His sense of feeling awakens. He starts distinguishing a cooler climate from a hotter one. Another Eureka!!! However it will take centuries for him to understand and migrate to better climates.

The era for the behavioral modernity has just begun.

The problem that arises when our man encounters another man or woman is about how to express the emotions and how to communicate. Our man makes gestures using hands, legs and facial expressions to communicate. The process is intricate and would have required thousands of attempts to communicate a simple thing for the first time. Today when one shows thumbs up, it indicates all is well. A “V” shown using fingers means victory. It is hard to imagine how human would have communicated without the defined and recorded words and terms.

Let’s look at the sense of hearing. Our new man probably would have started to pay attention to the sounds in nature like that of birds, other animals, insects, the flowing sound of water, thundering sound of clouds and alike. Again the brain starts categorizing them as good or dangerous. Probably he might have seen a lion in the African jungle killing other humans or animals. Hence the roar of the lion indicates danger. The brain is busy listening to the music of nature. Logic of what’s good and what’s bad applies here automatically.

The basic senses have started their functioning. Our man is not alone now. He is in the company of thousands of other human beings. His style of communication has changed. He has started naming everything including himself. He is proud to call himself the most developed animal on earth. The evolutionary process continues as he forms clans, hunts, discovers fire and starts eating cooked meat, discovers wheels, migrates to river banks for protection from other animals, discovers farming and settles. He creates villages, makes new discoveries, creates cities, discovers new lands and establishes newer settlements. The settled man now starts facing challenges. He coins money and this becomes the root cause of many evils. He creates societies but this also gives birth to communalism. The world is divided.  Meanwhile on the other side, the human society faces the fury of nature. Quakes, floods, storms, epidemics strike and man is in fire fighting mode using his brains to survive & sustain. The process of evolution is ongoing and the brain is still taking notes as to what is good and what is bad.

For the man whose journey began on the African soil has come a long way.

Suddenly, your mobile beeps and that is the second message from your boss, “Where are you?” that brings you back to the 21^st Century!!!

You open up your laptop to give final touches to the presentation on “Future map for your organization”. And the last slide of the presentation says “Keep Going ... Keep Growing!”

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Coolest Football tit-bits, statistics, and historic facts.

• Rules of soccer were laid down in 1846 by Cambridge university students.
• Franz Binder was the first footballer to score 1000 goals.
• FIFA was founded in Paris by 7 member nations in 1904. Its President, Jules Rimet formulated the idea of a tournament to determine the best international side. In 1929, FIFA passed a vote to hold the first ever World Cup.
• Along with Jules Rimet a French journalist Robert Guerin was instrumental in starting the world cup.
• Uruguay was the only country to volunteer to host the tournament. As a country celebrating its centenary of independence and current holders of the Olympic football title, she proved an excellent host.
• Uruguay had won the football gold in 1928 Olympics. Despite protests from European football associations, the first cup was held in that country. 13 teams, 8 from Europe, 5 from Latin America and U.S had participated in the event. Uruguay was fortunately, the last team to qualify for the World Cup.
• Lucien Laurent had scored the first goal in the history of the football world cup for France.
• Ottorino Barassi of Italy was the vice president of Fifa during World war II and had hidden the Jules Rimet trophy in a shoe box under his bed to protect it from the hands of the Nazis.
• Brazil is the only country to have appeared in all the 21 editions of Football World cup. It has hosted the world cup twice.
• Hakan Sukur of Turkey had scored the fastest goal in the history of football against South Korea in 11 seconds while fighting for the third place in 2002 edition. He had thus broken the record of Vaclav Masek’s (he belonged to Czechoslovakia) record of 15^th second goal against Mexico in the 1962 edition of the world cup.
• The world cup trophy was earlier called Jules Rimet trophy in the honour of Jules Rimet. During the preparations of the 1966 edition of World Cup in England, the Jules Rimet Trophy was stolen. It was later recovered by a dog named “Pickles”. It was won outright by Brazil in the 1970 Mexico edition of the world cup. It was again stolen in 1983, this time forever.
• Bobby Moore who led England to victory in the 66 edition was arrested at Colombia in 1970 under false pretexts in order to prevent him from playing in the cup at Mexico.

Edition	Host	Winner	Runners-Up
1930	Uruguay	Uruguay	Argentina
1934	Italy	Italy	Czechoslovakia
1938	France	Italy	Hungary
1950	Brazil	Uruguay	Brazil
1954	Switzerland	West Germany	Hungary
1958	Sweden	Brazil	Sweden
1962	Chile	Brazil	Czechoslovakia
1966	England	England	West Germany
1970	Mexico	Brazil	Italy
1974	West Germany	West Germany	Poland
1978	Argentina	Argentina	Netherlands
1982	Spain	Italy	West Germany
1986	Mexico	Argentina	West Germany
1990	Italy	West Germany	Argentina
1994	USA	Brazil	Italy
1998	France	France	Brazil
2002	Japan-South Korea	Brazil	Germany
2006	Germany	Italy	France
2010	South Africa	Spain	Netherlands
2014	Brazil	Germany	Argentina

• Brazil, Italy, Mexico, France, Germany (As West Germany in 1974) have hosted the Football World Cup twice.
• Italy (1934, 1938), Brazil (1958, 1962) have managed to retain the World Cup trophy.
• Brazil has been the most successful team in world cups having won 5 out of the 20 editions. However, it has never won the world cup on its home soil. In 1950, it lost to Uruguay in the finals. In 2014, Brazil managed 4^th Spot.
• Germany has the record of making it to the finals for three successive world cups (1982, 1986, and 1990).
• Japan & South Korea were the first Asian nations to host the world cup; in case of Africa, South Africa, Morocco and Egypt hosted the world cup finals in 2010.
• Oleg Salenko of Russia scored 5 goals against Cameroons in the 1994 world cup, the highest by an individual.
• Peter Shilton was the English goal keeper, when Diago Maradona scored the magnificent “Hand of God” goal, in the 1986 edition of WC hosted by Mexico.
• Australia in a world cup qualifier match created a record at Coff’s harbour, Australia smashing Samoa by 31-0. Archie Thompson made 13 goals.
• Argentina in 1990 and Brazil in 1998 are two instances of a defending champion losing the world cup final match.
• Germany has the record of losing two consecutive World Cup final matches (1982 against Italy and 1986 against Argentina).
• The highest margin of win in a world cup match was created when Hungary beat El Salvador 10-1 in a league match in 1982 Spain edition of the cup.
• Juan Basso Guerin was the first substitute to make a goal in the history of world cup.
• 1962 WC match at Santiago, when hosts Chile met Italy, is known as “Battle of Santiago” as game erupted into a flurry of kicks and punches. It is still regarded as one of the worst matches in history of the tournament.
• Brazilian player Vava was the first to score goals in two separate world cup final matches.
• The 1970 edition of world cup held at Mexico was the first to be televised on colour.
• Franz Beckenbauer was part of 1966 German squad that lost the finals, came third in 1970. He was the captain of the 1974 cup winning squad. He was to return as coach of 1990 German team that won on Italian grounds. He served as head of organizing committee for 2006 edition held at Germany.
• 1982, Spain edition of World Cup saw 24 places for grab with the qualifiers and changed structure. It was increased to 32 in 1998 France edition.
• German goalie Harold Schumacher clattered French substitute Patrick Battinson with a forearm smash. The ball trickled wide of the net but, amazingly, Dutch referee Charles Corver awarded a goal-kick as Battiston lay motionless on the field, having lost two teeth. When asked about the incident, Schumacher is famed to have uttered, “I will pay for his dentist fees”.
• 1986 edition of world cup, originally to be hosted by Columbia was given to Mexico as Columbia was unable to meet the economic demands of staging the world cup.
• Roger Milla of Cameroons played in 1994 USA edition at the age of 42, the highest in history of football world cups.
• Germany is the only European nation to have won the world cup in America in 2014.
• Spain was the first European nation to win the world cup outside Europe. It won the world cup in 2010, which was hosted in Africa.